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They generate electricity through a double sulfate chemical reaction. Lead and lead dioxide, the active materials on the battery’s plates, react with sulfuric acid in the electrolyte to form lead sulfate. … It impedes recharging; sulfate deposits ultimately expand, cracking the plates and destroying the battery.
The lead acid battery uses the constant current constant voltage (CCCV) charge method.
The charge time is 12–16 hours and up to 36–48 hours for large stationary batteries.
With the CCCV method, lead acid batteries are charged in three stages, which are [1] constant-current charge, [2] topping charge and [3] float charge.
During the constant-current charge, the battery charges to about 70 percent in 5–8 hours; the remaining 30 percent is filled with the slower topping charge that lasts another 7–10 hours.
The float charge in the third stage maintains the battery at full charge. Figure 1 illustrates these three stages.
